The Holy Roman Empire during the rule of Emperor Leopold I is marked by conflict and wars, with rivaling European powers just as with the Ottoman Empire, but also by considerable success and territorial gain, especially in the eastern parts of the empire. Leopold I firstly confronted the Ottomans over the growing political affiliation of Transylvania with the Ottoman Empire and Sultan’s influence. Several rebellions occurred in Hungary and the Ottomans used those to their advantage only to reach the very capital of the Holy Roman Empire unthwarted. After the defense of Wien in 1683 the victories of Mohacs, Slankamen and finally Senta followed. The success of Leopold’s military commanders, among which Eugene of Savoy gained the highest prominence, forced the Ottomans to sign the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699, which in turn officially announced the return of the territories lost to the Ottomans after the Battle of Mohacs in 1526.